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Follow a historical episode or a chart to its original source. Each record identifies where to look, what it supports and where its evidence stops.

469 source records

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PublisherSource recordLast checked
Association of American Medical Colleges FACTS Table A-9: Matriculants to U.S. Medical Schools by Race, Selected Combinations of Race/Ethnicity and Sex, 2013-2014 through 2016-2017
What this table covers

Where to lookRows “Black or African American Only” and “Total Matriculants”; use the total across genders.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American only. Men or women divided by all matriculants reporting one of those genders at U.S. MD-granting schools. Non-U.S. citizens without permanent residency form a separate race-reporting category. Year is the fall the entering class started.

Used inPhysician

© AAMC. Educational, noncommercial reuse with attribution.
Checked
Association of American Medical Colleges FACTS Table A-9: Matriculants to U.S. Medical Schools by Race, Selected Combinations of Race/Ethnicity and Sex, 2015-2016 through 2018-2019
What this table covers

Where to lookRows “Black or African American Only” and “Total Matriculants”; use the total across genders.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American only. Men or women divided by all matriculants reporting one of those genders at U.S. MD-granting schools. Non-U.S. citizens without permanent residency form a separate race-reporting category. Year is the fall the entering class started.

Used inPhysician

© AAMC. Educational, noncommercial reuse with attribution.
Checked
Association of American Medical Colleges FACTS Table A-9: Matriculants to U.S. MD-Granting Medical Schools by Race, Selected Combinations of Race/Ethnicity and Gender, 2019-2020 through 2022-2023
What this table covers

Where to lookRows “Black or African American Only” and “Total Matriculants”; use the total across genders.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American only. Men or women divided by all matriculants reporting one of those genders at U.S. MD-granting schools. Non-U.S. citizens without permanent residency form a separate race-reporting category. Year is the fall the entering class started.

Used inPhysician

© AAMC. Educational, noncommercial reuse with attribution.
Checked
Association of American Medical Colleges FACTS Table A-12: Applicants, First-Time Applicants, Acceptees, and Matriculants to U.S. MD-Granting Medical Schools by Race/Ethnicity (Alone) and Gender, 2020-2021 through 2023-2024
What this table covers

Where to look“Black or African American” in Men and Women; All → Total, Matriculants column for each year.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American alone. Men or women divided by all U.S. MD matriculants, including those who gave another gender or did not report gender. Non-U.S. citizens without permanent residency form a separate race-reporting category. Year is the fall the entering class started.

Used inPhysician

© AAMC. Educational, noncommercial reuse with attribution.
Checked
American Bar Association Standard 509 · JD Enrollment and Ethnicity · 2017 all-schools compilation
What this table covers

Where to lookSum each column over 202 school rows in the worksheet. Numerators: Black or African American 1L Men/Women (2017) or BlackMenJD1/BlackWomenJD1. Denominator: Total 1L Total (2017) or TotalJD1Total.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American, with Hispanic and multiracial students classified separately. Men or women divided by all students in the first-year J.D. cohort (JD1) at schools in the ABA compilation. This includes continuing first-year students. U.S. nonresidents were classified separately.

Used inLawyer

© American Bar Association. Public disclosure. Calculations use aggregate counts.
Checked
American Bar Association Standard 509 · JD Enrollment and Ethnicity · 2018 all-schools compilation
What this table covers

Where to lookSum each column over 203 school rows in the worksheet. Numerators: Black or African American 1L Men/Women (2017) or BlackMenJD1/BlackWomenJD1. Denominator: Total 1L Total (2017) or TotalJD1Total.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American, with Hispanic and multiracial students classified separately. Men or women divided by all students in the first-year J.D. cohort (JD1) at schools in the ABA compilation. This includes continuing first-year students. U.S. nonresidents were classified separately.

Used inLawyer

© American Bar Association. Public disclosure. Calculations use aggregate counts.
Checked
American Bar Association Standard 509 · JD Enrollment and Ethnicity · 2019 all-schools compilation
What this table covers

Where to lookSum each column over 203 school rows in the worksheet. Numerators: Black or African American 1L Men/Women (2017) or BlackMenJD1/BlackWomenJD1. Denominator: Total 1L Total (2017) or TotalJD1Total.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American, with Hispanic and multiracial students classified separately. Men or women divided by all students in the first-year J.D. cohort (JD1) at schools in the ABA compilation. This includes continuing first-year students. U.S. nonresidents were classified separately.

Used inLawyer

© American Bar Association. Public disclosure. Calculations use aggregate counts.
Checked
American Bar Association Standard 509 · JD Enrollment and Ethnicity · 2020 all-schools compilation
What this table covers

Where to lookSum each column over 197 school rows in the worksheet. Numerators: Black or African American 1L Men/Women (2017) or BlackMenJD1/BlackWomenJD1. Denominator: Total 1L Total (2017) or TotalJD1Total.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American, with Hispanic and multiracial students classified separately. Men or women divided by all students in the first-year J.D. cohort (JD1) at schools in the ABA compilation. This includes continuing first-year students. U.S. nonresidents were classified separately.

Used inLawyer

© American Bar Association. Public disclosure. Calculations use aggregate counts.
Checked
American Bar Association Standard 509 · JD Enrollment and Ethnicity · 2021 all-schools compilation
What this table covers

Where to lookSum each column over 197 school rows in the worksheet. Numerators: Black or African American 1L Men/Women (2017) or BlackMenJD1/BlackWomenJD1. Denominator: Total 1L Total (2017) or TotalJD1Total.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American, with Hispanic and multiracial students classified separately. Men or women divided by all students in the first-year J.D. cohort (JD1) at schools in the ABA compilation. This includes continuing first-year students. U.S. nonresidents were classified separately.

Used inLawyer

© American Bar Association. Public disclosure. Calculations use aggregate counts.
Checked
American Bar Association Standard 509 · JD Enrollment and Ethnicity · 2022 all-schools compilation
What this table covers

Where to lookSum each column over 196 school rows in the worksheet. Numerators: Black or African American 1L Men/Women (2017) or BlackMenJD1/BlackWomenJD1. Denominator: Total 1L Total (2017) or TotalJD1Total.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American, with Hispanic and multiracial students classified separately. Men or women divided by all students in the first-year J.D. cohort (JD1) at schools in the ABA compilation. This includes continuing first-year students. U.S. nonresidents were classified separately.

Used inLawyer

© American Bar Association. Public disclosure. Calculations use aggregate counts.
Checked
American Bar Association Standard 509 · JD Enrollment and Ethnicity · 2023 all-schools compilation
What this table covers

Where to lookSum each column over 196 school rows in the worksheet. Numerators: Black or African American 1L Men/Women (2017) or BlackMenJD1/BlackWomenJD1. Denominator: Total 1L Total (2017) or TotalJD1Total.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American, with Hispanic and multiracial students classified separately. Men or women divided by all students in the first-year J.D. cohort (JD1) at schools in the ABA compilation. This includes continuing first-year students. U.S. nonresidents were classified separately.

Used inLawyer

© American Bar Association. Public disclosure. Calculations use aggregate counts.
Checked
American Bar Association Standard 509 · JD Enrollment and Ethnicity · 2024 all-schools compilation
What this table covers

Where to lookSum each column over 196 school rows in the worksheet. Numerators: Black or African American 1L Men/Women (2017) or BlackMenJD1/BlackWomenJD1. Denominator: Total 1L Total (2017) or TotalJD1Total.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American, with Hispanic and multiracial students classified separately. Men or women divided by all students in the first-year J.D. cohort (JD1) at schools in the ABA compilation. This includes continuing first-year students. Beginning in 2024, U.S. nonresidents are classified by race and ethnicity.

Used inLawyer

© American Bar Association. Public disclosure. Calculations use aggregate counts.
Checked
American Bar Association Standard 509 · JD Enrollment and Ethnicity · 2025 all-schools compilation
What this table covers

Where to lookSum each column over 196 school rows in the worksheet. Numerators: Black or African American 1L Men/Women (2017) or BlackMenJD1/BlackWomenJD1. Denominator: Total 1L Total (2017) or TotalJD1Total.

Who and what was countedBlack or African American, with Hispanic and multiracial students classified separately. Men or women divided by all students in the first-year J.D. cohort (JD1) at schools in the ABA compilation. This includes continuing first-year students. Beginning in 2024, U.S. nonresidents are classified by race and ethnicity.

Used inLawyer

© American Bar Association. Public disclosure. Calculations use aggregate counts.
Checked
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics CPS annual averages, Table 11 · Employed people by detailed occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity · 2025
What this table covers

Where to lookAnnual averages; percent of total employed columns. Context only.

Who and what was countedThe CPS reports the percentages of all workers in each occupation who are women and who are Black or African American in separate columns. It does not report Black men or Black women separately for each detailed occupation.

Used inElectrician / tradesSoftware engineerMusician / entertainerLawyer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Physicians” (PDF page 22)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Lawyers” (PDF page 23)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedLawyers. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inLawyer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Engineers” (PDF page 22)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Dentists” (PDF page 22)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Pharmacists” (PDF page 22)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Registered nurses” (PDF page 22)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Teachers, postsecondary” (PDF page 23)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedTeachers, postsecondary. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Teachers, elementary school + Teachers, secondary school” (PDF page 23)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedTeachers, elementary school + Teachers, secondary school. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates. This elementary and secondary subset excludes separately classified school teachers.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Editors and reporters” (PDF page 23)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEditors and reporters. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Musicians and composers” (PDF page 23)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians and composers. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 1990 Census EEO CP-S-1-1, Table 2, “Electricians, except apprentices + Electrician apprentices” (PDF page 27)
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians, except apprentices + Electrician apprentices. People age 16+ in the U.S. civilian labor force classified in the named occupation, including experienced unemployed. Black, single reported race, any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Share of all people in those rows, male and female combined. Published decennial sample estimates.

LimitsThe 1990 census used a single reported race. This civilian labor force table includes people looking for work with a recent occupation. Occupation groups and the employment universe differ from the ACS workforce series.

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2014 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army did not report a multiracial category.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2015 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army did not report a multiracial category.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2016 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army did not report a multiracial category.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2017 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army did not report a multiracial category.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2018 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army did not report a multiracial category.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2019 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army did not report a multiracial category.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2020 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army did not report a multiracial category.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2021 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps and Air Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army did not report a multiracial category.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2022 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Space Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army did not report a multiracial category.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Department of Defense Population Representation in the Military Services · FY 2023 · Table B-25, Active Component Commissioned Officer Gains and Corps
What this table covers

Where to lookOfficer Corps panels (not Officer Gains), Total DoD number column. Use unadjusted Black rows for men/women and the combined corps total.

Who and what was countedBlack is the published race category, with Hispanic ethnicity tabulated separately. Men or women divided by all active-component commissioned officers in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force and Space Force at fiscal year-end. Reserve, warrant and Coast Guard officers are outside the denominator. The Army reports multiracial officers separately in this edition.

Used inMilitary officer

U.S. government statistical table.
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses under the pre-2010 occupation coding by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses under the pre-2010 occupation coding. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3130.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6350.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2006 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Computer software engineers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedComputer software engineers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses under the pre-2010 occupation coding by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses under the pre-2010 occupation coding. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3130.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6350.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2007 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Computer software engineers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedComputer software engineers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses under the pre-2010 occupation coding by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses under the pre-2010 occupation coding. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3130.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6350.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2008 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Computer software engineers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedComputer software engineers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses under the pre-2010 occupation coding by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses under the pre-2010 occupation coding. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3130.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6350. Underlying occupation verified against SOCP 472111 on every person record.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2009 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Computer software engineers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedComputer software engineers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2010 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Applications and systems software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedApplications and systems software developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2011 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Applications and systems software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedApplications and systems software developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2012 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Applications and systems software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedApplications and systems software developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2013 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Applications and systems software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedApplications and systems software developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2014 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Applications and systems software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedApplications and systems software developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2015 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Applications and systems software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedApplications and systems software developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2016 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Applications and systems software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedApplications and systems software developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians and surgeons combined by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians and surgeons combined. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3060.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2200.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and correspondents by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and correspondents. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians, singers and related workers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians, singers and related workers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2750.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3850.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2017 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Applications and systems software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedApplications and systems software developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1020.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3090.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2205.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and journalists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and journalists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians and singers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians and singers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2752.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3870.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians; excludes helpers and other trades by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians; excludes helpers and other trades. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2018 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedSoftware developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1021.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3090.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2205.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and journalists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and journalists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians and singers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians and singers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2752.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3870.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians; excludes helpers and other trades by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians; excludes helpers and other trades. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2019 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedSoftware developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1021.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3090.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2205.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and journalists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and journalists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians and singers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians and singers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2752.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3870.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians; excludes helpers and other trades by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians; excludes helpers and other trades. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2021 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedSoftware developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1021.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3090.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2205.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and journalists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and journalists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians and singers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians and singers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2752.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3870.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians; excludes helpers and other trades by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians; excludes helpers and other trades. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2022 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedSoftware developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1021.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3090.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

U.S. government public-use data
Checked
U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

U.S. government public-use data
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U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

U.S. government public-use data
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U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

U.S. government public-use data
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U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2205.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

U.S. government public-use data
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U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

U.S. government public-use data
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U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and journalists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and journalists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

U.S. government public-use data
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U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians and singers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians and singers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2752.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

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U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3870.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

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U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians; excludes helpers and other trades by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians; excludes helpers and other trades. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

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U.S. Census Bureau 2023 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedSoftware developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1021.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Physicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPhysicians, excluding surgeons and physician assistants. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3090.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPhysician

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Engineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedEngineers, SOC 17-2000; excludes technicians and engineering managers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1320, 1340, 1350, 1360, 1400, 1410, 1420, 1430, 1440, 1450, 1460, 1520, 1530.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inEngineer

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Dentists, all specialties by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedDentists, all specialties. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3010.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inDentist

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Pharmacists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPharmacists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3050.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPharmacist

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Registered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedRegistered nurses; excludes advanced practice nursing occupations. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3255.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inRegistered nurse

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Postsecondary teachers of all academic ranks by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPostsecondary teachers of all academic ranks. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2205.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inProfessor

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Elementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElementary, middle and secondary school teachers; excludes preschool, kindergarten, and separately classified special education teachers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2310, 2320.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inK–12 teacher

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • News analysts, reporters and journalists by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedNews analysts, reporters and journalists. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2810.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inJournalist / pundit

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Musicians and singers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedMusicians and singers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 2752.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inMusician / entertainer

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Police officers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedPolice officers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 3870.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inPolice officer

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Electricians; excludes helpers and other trades by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedElectricians; excludes helpers and other trades. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 6355.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inElectrician / trades

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U.S. Census Bureau 2024 ACS 1-year PUMS, U.S. person file • Software developers by race and sex
What this table covers

Who and what was countedSoftware developers. Black or African American alone (RAC1P=2), any Hispanic origin or birthplace. Denominator: all U.S. civilian employed people age 16+ in this occupation (ESR=1 or 2; 50 states and DC). Weighted by ACS person weight PWGTP. OCCP: 1021.

LimitsSurvey estimates have sampling error. A point is withheld below ten unweighted observations in the reported subgroup. Margins of error use the 80 ACS replicate weights and 90% confidence. No standard ACS one-year release was issued in 2020.

National person file (ZIP) ↗ Occupation codes and data dictionary ↗

Used inSoftware engineer

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wwws.loc.gov Library of Congress · Sherman’s Special Order No. 15
What this record supports

Where to lookSherman’s Special Order No. 15; January 16, 1865 manuscript and exhibit description

Source typeFederal archival exhibit

What this source supportsThe consultation, coastal allocation and military/congressional limits.

LimitsThis was a geographically limited wartime order, not a national grant of permanent ownership. A family’s particular allotment and subsequent title require local records.

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www.archives.gov National Archives · Land allocation efforts stymied by the Johnson administration
What this record supports

Where to lookLand Allocation Efforts Stymied by the Johnson Administration; May 29 amnesty and September 12 circular

Source typeFederal archival history

What this source supportsThe restoration policy and removal of freedpeople from allotted land.

LimitsThis was a geographically limited wartime order, not a national grant of permanent ownership. A family’s particular allotment and subsequent title require local records.

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www.georgiahistory.com Georgia Historical Society · Special Field Orders No. 15 marker
What this record supports

Where to look2011 marker text; January 12, 1865 meeting

Source typeHistorical marker

What this source supportsThe names of Black church leaders at the Savannah meeting.

LimitsThis was a geographically limited wartime order, not a national grant of permanent ownership. A family’s particular allotment and subsequent title require local records.

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www.visitthecapitol.gov U.S. Capitol Visitor Center / National Archives · Division of agricultural funds, 1892–93
What this record supports

Where to lookAfrican American Land-Grant Colleges; artifact description and funding table

Source typeFederal archival exhibit

What this source supportsThe admission condition and state division of agricultural-college funding.

LimitsThe provision supported Black colleges while permitting segregation. A funding table does not establish equal resources, an individual admission or a graduate’s employment.

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www.nps.gov National Park Service · George Washington Carver at Tuskegee
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography paragraph covering the 1894 and 1896 degrees and October 8, 1896 appointment

Source typeFederal institutional history

What this source supportsCarver’s degrees and dated appointment at Tuskegee.

LimitsThis establishes Carver’s education and appointment at Tuskegee. It does not establish a hiring pathway for farmworkers or for another institution’s scientists.

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www.searchablemuseum.com Smithsonian NMAAHC · Tuskegee Institute’s Movable Schools
What this record supports

Where to lookTuskegee Institute’s Movable Schools; From the Jesup Wagon to the School on Wheels

Source typeMuseum historical account

What this source supportsCampbell’s assignment and the movable school’s teaching work.

LimitsThis documents an educational service and a named assignment. It does not identify every participant or measure the program’s effect on each farm’s income.

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www.fjc.gov Federal Judicial Center · Moore v. Dempsey
What this record supports

Where to lookThe Case; The Supreme Court’s Ruling; Aftermath and Legacy; 1923 opinion excerpts

Source typeFederal judicial history and primary opinion excerpts

What this source supportsThe sharecropping context, court ruling and subsequent release process.

LimitsThis documented a route to challenge those convictions, not a farm-labor contract, recovered wages or protection against all later violence.

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www.astate.edu Arkansas State University · Southern Tenant Farmers Museum historical timeline
What this record supports

Where to look1882–1919: The Trials; 1925–1929: Released

Source typeUniversity museum history

What this source supportsJones’s defense and fundraising work for the Elaine defendants.

LimitsThis documented a route to challenge those convictions, not a farm-labor contract, recovered wages or protection against all later violence.

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www.nps.gov National Park Service · Amelia Boynton Robinson
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraphs on the 1929 USDA job, Samuel Boynton and rural teaching in the 1930s

Source typeFederal biographical history

What this source supportsHer home-demonstration employment and the Boyntons’ combined teaching and organizing.

LimitsThe biography documents their work and aims, but does not provide an appointment letter, participant list or measured farm-income gains. This is not a claim that every extension position followed the same route.

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findingaids.library.nyu.edu NYU Tamiment Library · Southern Tenant Farmers’ Union Collection
What this record supports

Where to lookHistorical/Biographical Note; founding, subsidy arrangements and persecution

Source typeArchival finding aid

What this source supportsThe union’s founding and labor context; the underlying collection was not inspected.

LimitsSources establish organizing and a reported wage gain, not a payroll audit for every plantation. Founding-day accounts differ, so this entry uses the year.

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www.astate.edu Arkansas State University · Southern Tenant Farmers Museum historical timeline
What this record supports

Where to look1930–1944: 1935 Strike

Source typeUniversity museum history

What this source supportsThe museum’s account of the cotton-pickers’ wage gain.

LimitsSources establish organizing and a reported wage gain, not a payroll audit for every plantation. Founding-day accounts differ, so this entry uses the year.

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www.washington.edu University of Washington · Interview with historian Michael Honey on John Handcox
What this record supports

Where to lookJanuary 7, 2014; questions on the book’s concept and Handcox’s departure

Source typeUniversity interview with oral-history researcher

What this source supportsHandcox’s role in interracial organizing and flight from Arkansas.

LimitsSources establish organizing and a reported wage gain, not a payroll audit for every plantation. Founding-day accounts differ, so this entry uses the year.

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www.govinfo.gov U.S. Statutes at Large · Fair Labor Standards Amendments of 1966
What this record supports

Where to lookPublic Law 89-601, September 23, 1966; §203, pp.833–834, and §302, p.838

Source typeEnacted federal law

What this source supportsThe narrowed exemption, retained overtime exclusion and agricultural wage schedule.

LimitsThis was an occupation-wide change, not a race-specific award. Coverage and actual payment at a named farm need separate evidence; the historical rate is not today’s wage guidance.

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www.dol.gov U.S. Department of Labor · Agricultural employment under the FLSA
What this record supports

Where to lookFact Sheet 12, January 2025; Coverage and Requirements

Source typeFederal agency explanation

What this source supportsWhy an agricultural job title alone does not establish minimum-wage or overtime coverage.

LimitsThis was an occupation-wide change, not a race-specific award. Coverage and actual payment at a named farm need separate evidence; the historical rate is not today’s wage guidance.

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www.federation.coop Federation of Southern Cooperatives/Land Assistance Fund · History
What this record supports

Where to lookTimeline entries 1967 and 1985

Source typeOrganization’s institutional history

What this source supportsThe founding, merger and stated land-retention work.

LimitsThe organization’s history establishes its services and institutional changes. It is not an independent measure of acres saved, wages earned or benefits received by a particular member farm.

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www.federation.coop Federation of Southern Cooperatives/Land Assistance Fund · Cooperative development
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening description of 22 founding cooperatives; services and cooperative principles

Source typeOrganization’s program description

What this source supportsThe founding membership and forms of cooperative support.

LimitsThe organization’s history establishes its services and institutional changes. It is not an independent measure of acres saved, wages earned or benefits received by a particular member farm.

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snccdigital.org SNCC Digital Gateway · Fannie Lou Hamer founds Freedom Farm Cooperative
What this record supports

Where to look1969 timeline entry; founding, cultivation, expansion and sustainability paragraphs

Source typeMovement and university history project

What this source supportsHamer’s purchase, cooperative farming and the limits of its sustainability.

LimitsThe cooperative failed in 1976, according to the archival biography. This is a local shared-land and food-security record, not proof of a permanent wage job or a connection to another farm.

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finding.mdah.ms.gov Mississippi Department of Archives & History · Fannie Lou Townsend Hamer Collection
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography: Freedom Farm; Series 3 Organizational Records, Box 1, folders 4–5

Source typeArchival finding aid

What this source supportsThe catalog’s founding/closure outline and location of membership and activity records; underlying documents were not reviewed.

LimitsThe cooperative failed in 1976, according to the archival biography. This is a local shared-land and food-security record, not proof of a permanent wage job or a connection to another farm.

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snccdigital.org SNCC Digital Gateway · New Communities formed in Southwest Georgia
What this record supports

Where to look1969 timeline entry; incorporation, January 9, 1970 closing, farming and foreclosure paragraphs

Source typeMovement and university history project

What this source supportsThe founders, land purchase, farming activity and loss of the original land.

LimitsThe corporation survived the land loss. Founding a land trust did not guarantee secure livelihoods for all participants; it is not evidence about another farm’s employment.

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www.mainefarmlandtrust.org Maine Farmland Trust · A conversation with Shirley Sherrod
What this record supports

Where to lookEllen Sabina interview, published February 29, 2024; discussion of eviction, landholding and committees

Source typePublished participant interview

What this source supportsSherrod’s account of why participants built the land trust and how they organized it.

LimitsThe corporation survived the land loss. Founding a land trust did not guarantee secure livelihoods for all participants; it is not evidence about another farm’s employment.

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www.gao.gov U.S. GAO · Pigford Settlement: The Role of the Court-Appointed Monitor
What this record supports

Where to lookGAO-06-469R, March 17, 2006; opening settlement chronology and January 2006 claims totals

Source typeFederal oversight report

What this source supportsThe consent decree and claims outcomes reported by January 2006.

LimitsThese are historical claims outcomes, not current eligibility guidance. The settlement did not compensate every farmer or prove access to any particular farm job.

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blackfoodjustice.org National Black Food & Justice Alliance · FAMU agroecology center launch
What this record supports

Where to lookOctober 20, 2022 release; partnership, research aims and November launch plans

Source typePartner organization announcement

What this source supportsThe partners’ announced center, research aims and planned launch.

LimitsThe opening and named leadership are documented. The sources do not establish participant completion, paid placements or a particular reader’s employment.

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news.wfsu.org WFSU · Florida A&M University opens its new Agroecology Center
What this record supports

Where to lookTom Flanigan, November 13, 2022; opening report and interviews with both co-directors

Source typeContemporary local reporting

What this source supportsThe opening at the Orange Avenue site and the named co-directors’ explanations.

LimitsThe opening and named leadership are documented. The sources do not establish participant completion, paid placements or a particular reader’s employment.

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www.elcinfo.com Executive Leadership Council · History
What this record supports

Where to lookAlvaro Martins, Bishop College and nineteen founders paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Black executives form a professional leadership network. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsA network’s existence does not establish appointment authority at member companies; the college they initially supported closed in 1988.

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onthebanks.msu.edu Michigan State University Archives · Clifton R. Wharton Jr.
What this record supports

Where to lookClosing biographical paragraph covering TIAA-CREF service

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Clifton Wharton leads TIAA-CREF. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis is a documented Black executive’s career, not proof of an organization-wide change in promotion or a direct path for another employee.

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www.elcinfo.com Center for Talent Innovation / ELC · Being Black in Corporate America
What this record supports

Where to lookStrengthening the Pipeline profile, PDF page 55

Source typeProgram research report

What this source supportsReferenced for: A program prepares Black professionals for executive responsibility. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThese are reported program outcomes, not a controlled estimate of its effect; completion did not guarantee promotion and employers retained hiring authority.

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investors.xerox.com Xerox Corporation · May 21, 2009 Form 8-K
What this record supports

Where to lookItem 5.02, PDF page 2

Source typeContemporary corporate filing

What this source supportsReferenced for: Xerox’s board elects Ursula Burns chief executive. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThe filing establishes an appointment decision at Xerox, not a change in hiring rules for every Black employee or an appointment at another employer.

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nmaahc.si.edu Smithsonian NMAAHC · Ursula Burns and her Xerox career
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening paragraph and Historically Speaking program description, July 1, 2021

Source typeMuseum biographical context

What this source supportsReferenced for: Xerox’s board elects Ursula Burns chief executive. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThe filing establishes an appointment decision at Xerox, not a change in hiring rules for every Black employee or an appointment at another employer.

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www.hsdm.harvard.edu Harvard School of Dental Medicine · Robert Tanner Freeman
What this record supports

Where to lookApril 24, 2019; paragraphs on Freeman's 1869 graduation and founding dean Nathan Cooley Keep

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsFreeman’s 1869 DMD, first-class membership and Keep’s admissions principle.

LimitsThe degree is documented; this source does not establish later practice access or equal admissions elsewhere.

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www.hsdm.harvard.edu Harvard School of Dental Medicine · George Grant
What this record supports

Where to lookMay 11, 2023; 1871 assistant and 1884 instructor paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsGrant’s degree and two named Harvard teaching appointments.

LimitsThis documents Harvard appointments, not a nationwide opening of faculty jobs or present-day hiring.

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dentistry.howard.edu Howard University College of Dentistry · About
What this record supports

Where to lookAbout Us and Letter from the Dean: 1881 founding and teaching/patient-care mission

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsThe 1881 founding and the college’s teaching and patient-care mission.

LimitsThis institutional account does not provide the early cohorts' licensing or job-placement outcomes.

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dent.umich.edu University of Michigan School of Dentistry · Ida Gray and diversity awards
What this record supports

Where to lookIda Gray biographical paragraph following the faculty award profile

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsGray’s 1890 DDS and subsequent Cincinnati and Chicago practice.

LimitsThe evidence concerns her degree and practice; it does not show that other women obtained equal access.

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www.ndaonline.org National Dental Association · About Us
What this record supports

Where to lookChronological history: 1913 Tri-State Dental Association, 1923 expansion and 1932 reorganization

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsFerguson, the 1913 association, interstate growth and 1932 reorganization.

LimitsThese are the association's historical accounts, not proof of admission to every state board or other dental association.

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www.acd.org Clifton O. Dummett · Celebrating a Centennial
What this record supports

Where to lookJournal of the American College of Dentists 53(2), 1986, printed pp. 22–23

Source typeParticipant’s published retrospective

What this source supportsThe 1947 appointment and subsequent transfer of director responsibilities.

LimitsThis is Dummett’s later account; appointment minutes and effects on individual faculty careers remain unreviewed.

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www.acd.org American College of Dentists · Salute to Clifton O. Dummett
What this record supports

Where to look1988, volume 55(4), printed p. 20 (PDF p. 22)

Source typeContemporary professional citation

What this source supportsDummett’s 1966 dental-director role and subsequent USC community-dentistry leadership.

LimitsThe citation establishes roles, not measured patient outcomes or continuity to every current Los Angeles clinic.

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thedig.howard.edu Howard University · Jeanne Sinkford receives ACD recognition
What this record supports

Where to lookOctober 21, 2020; associate-dean and 1975–1991 dean chronology

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsSinkford’s named Howard leadership appointments and dates.

LimitsThis establishes academic leadership at Howard; it does not document access to hospital privileges or a particular clinic’s hiring.

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news.harvard.edu Harvard Faculty of Medicine · Joseph L. Henry memorial minute
What this record supports

Where to lookJune 4, 2013; 1975 recruitment and 1990–1991 interim-dean paragraphs

Source typeFaculty memorial minute

What this source supportsGoldhaber’s recruitment, Henry’s posts and the memorial’s account of retaining the program.

LimitsThe memorial supports these Harvard roles; it is not evidence that Henry determined every admission or subsequent hiring decision.

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www.senate.gov U.S. Senate · Hiram Revels and his first Senate speech
What this record supports

Where to lookElection, citizenship dispute and seating-vote paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Hiram Revels takes a Senate seat after a contested vote. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis was a legislature-selected Senate seat, not a direct popular election or evidence that access to every public office was secured.

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history.house.gov U.S. House History, Art & Archives · George Henry White
What this record supports

Where to lookExtended biography: 1900 renomination decision and 1901 departure

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: George Henry White’s departure marks a reversal. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThe account identifies several causes behind White’s decision; it does not reduce that reversal to one law or imply that all Black local officeholding ended.

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www.archives.gov National Archives · Voting Rights Act of 1965
What this record supports

Where to lookIntroductory historical account and act transcript

Source typeContemporary statute with archival context

What this source supportsReferenced for: Federal law challenges discriminatory registration barriers. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsA legal protection is not an election win or proof of implementation in a particular county; this episode describes the historical 1965 law.

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history.house.gov U.S. House History, Art & Archives · First African-American woman elected to Congress
What this record supports

Where to lookJanuary 3, 1969 historical highlight

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Shirley Chisholm wins a congressional seat. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis documents one election and actual service; it does not prove that a specific earlier law caused her victory or establish access to every office.

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ibew.org IBEW · Black Leadership From Chicago’s South Side to the Sears Tower
What this record supports

Where to lookThe Electrical Worker, February 2025, page 7

Source typeUnion historical account

What this source supportsReferenced for: Sam Taylor creates a Black-owned electrical contractor. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsBusiness ownership did not itself secure full union membership; this account does not identify every employee.

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files.eric.ed.gov U.S. Department of Labor · Apprenticeship study (1967)
What this record supports

Where to lookLocal 3 case study, printed pages 19–20; PDF pages 21–22

Source typeContemporary research report

What this source supportsReferenced for: Local 3 recruits beyond its traditional family route. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsAdmission is documented; these figures do not prove that every trainee completed the program or secured continuing employment.

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digicoll.lib.berkeley.edu Berkeley labor collection · Local 3 apprentice selection
What this record supports

Where to lookThe 1962 Apprentice Class of IBEW Local 3, printed pages 6–7

Source typeContemporary research report

What this source supportsReferenced for: Local 3 recruits beyond its traditional family route. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsAdmission is documented; these figures do not prove that every trainee completed the program or secured continuing employment.

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law.justia.com Contractors Association of Eastern Pennsylvania v. Secretary of Labor, 442 F.2d 159
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening account of the June 27 and September 23, 1969 orders; concluding affirmance

Source typeCourt opinion

What this source supportsReferenced for: Arthur Fletcher attaches minority hiring goals to federal construction contracts. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsA contracting requirement and a court ruling do not establish how many workers a particular contractor hired or retained.

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www.ibew-ewmc.com Electrical Workers Minority Caucus · EWMC History
What this record supports

Where to lookDorothy Fortier’s history, February 1, 2024; founding and 1974 meetings

Source typeOrganizational history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Black and Hispanic electrical workers organize for union leadership. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThe organizational history documents representation and meetings; it does not quantify their effect on hiring or promotions.

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ibew.org IBEW · Taylor Electric’s Chicago projects
What this record supports

Where to lookThe Electrical Worker, February 2025, page 7; stadium maintenance paragraph

Source typeUnion historical account

What this source supportsReferenced for: Taylor Electric’s work reaches major Chicago stadiums. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThe named contractor and jobsites are documented, but the crew, individual hiring decisions and a reader’s assignment remain unknown.

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www.innovation.pitt.edu University of Pittsburgh · William Hunter Dammond
What this record supports

Where to lookEmployment and railway-patent paragraphs

Source typeUniversity history

What this source supportsDegree, intervening jobs, Michigan Central employment and patents.

LimitsThe biography does not date the railroad hire or establish continuity to a present-day railroad employer.

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cea.howard.edu Howard University College of Engineering and Architecture · Our History
What this record supports

Where to look1907 trustees' approval; 1907–1910 curriculum and 1911 four-year program paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsTrustee approval, discipline-specific curricula and the four-year degree program.

LimitsProgram creation establishes education, not an employer's hiring practices or every graduate's placement.

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engineering.uiowa.edu University of Iowa College of Engineering · Archibald A. Alexander
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography: graduation, Marsh employment and later projects

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsDegree, engineering employment and firm ownership.

LimitsThese are individual employment and project records, not evidence of industry-wide access.

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tnstatenewsroom.com Tennessee State University · Remembering Yvonne Young Clark
What this record supports

Where to look2019 remembrance: appointment, department leadership and retirement

Source typeEmployer history

What this source supports1956 instructor hire, later rank and leadership, and student recollections.

LimitsFaculty employment and mentorship are documented; this source does not measure graduates’ hiring outcomes.

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www.nasa.gov NASA · Mary W. Jackson
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography: Hampton classes and 1958 promotion

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsTraining access, Langley promotion and subsequent engineering work.

LimitsThis establishes advancement at Langley, not equal promotion opportunities across NASA or other employers.

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archives.museumofflight.org The Museum of Flight · Walt W. Braithwaite
What this record supports

Where to lookBiographical note: hiring, Central Engineering and Boeing Africa

Source typeArchive biography based on participant interview

What this source supports1966 engineering hire and subsequent design-system and leadership responsibilities.

LimitsThe record identifies Boeing, not a particular factory or a policy that guaranteed other Black engineers promotion.

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convention.nsbe.org National Society of Black Engineers · Convention media kit
What this record supports

Where to lookPDF page 6: History, 1971, 1973 and 1974–1975

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsPurdue student organizing and the dated national founding meeting.

LimitsThe meeting and organization are documented; the source does not isolate their effect on a particular student's graduation or job.

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ise.usc.edu USC Industrial and Systems Engineering · Wanda Austin
What this record supports

Where to lookSeptember 25, 2008 lecture biography

Source typeUniversity lecture biography

What this source supports1979 employment, technical leadership roles and 2008 appointment.

LimitsHer advancement is documented; these biographies do not establish company-wide promotion rates or a route into a reader’s team.

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boardoftrustees.usc.edu USC Board of Trustees · Wanda Austin
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography: Aerospace presidency, 2008–2016

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsThe explicitly scoped Black and woman leadership milestones at Aerospace.

LimitsHer advancement is documented; these biographies do not establish company-wide promotion rates or a route into a reader’s team.

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partnerships.gsfc.nasa.gov NASA Goddard · Innovation Catalyst, June 2022
What this record supports

Where to lookPrinted page 4: Celebrating a Goddard African American Innovator; indexed text reviewed

Source typeEmployer newsletter

What this source supports1992 engineer hire and named mission contributions.

LimitsThis is Goddard employment and project evidence through 2022, not proof of her current role or a connection to every NASA center.

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earth.gsfc.nasa.gov NASA Goddard · Aprille Joy Ericsson lecture biography
What this record supports

Where to lookSpeaker biography: instrument project manager and technologist

Source typeEmployer biography

What this source supportsCorroborates Goddard instrument-engineering and project-management work; not current employment status.

LimitsThis is Goddard employment and project evidence through 2022, not proof of her current role or a connection to every NASA center.

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www.amrevmuseum.org Museum of the American Revolution · James Forten and entrepreneurs of African descent
What this record supports

Where to lookJames Forten Becomes an Entrepreneur and business-operation sections

Source typeMuseum research

What this source supportsReferenced for: James Forten moves from skilled work to business ownership. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis documents one ownership transition and workplace; it does not establish equal access to credit, apprenticeships or ownership for Black Philadelphians generally.

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tile.loc.gov Library of Congress · National Negro Business League correspondence
What this record supports

Where to lookJune 15, 1923 letter to editors, PDF page 2

Source typeContemporary organizational record

What this source supportsReferenced for: Black business owners organize a national and local network. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThe circular shows organizing activity, not measured business survival, loan access or financial returns for members.

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www.nps.gov National Park Service · St. Luke Hall
What this record supports

Where to lookUses of the St. Luke Hall, banking paragraph

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Maggie Walker and a mutual-aid order open a bank. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsDeposits establish actual banking activity, not proof that every Black entrepreneur obtained credit or that a particular modern business descends from this bank.

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home.nps.gov National Park Service · Two American Entrepreneurs
What this record supports

Where to lookSetting the Stage and Map 2: Indianapolis

Source typeHistorical education resource

What this source supportsReferenced for: Madam C. J. Walker expands manufacturing and sales work. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsFactory employment, independent sales and ownership are different relationships; this account does not establish individual earnings or a route into every beauty business.

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www.archives.gov National Archives · Fifteenth Amendment and its aftermath
What this record supports

Where to lookRatification introduction; Reconstruction and disenfranchisement paragraphs; transcript, Sections 1–2

Source typeConstitutional text and archival interpretation

What this source supportsThe ratification date, the constitutional prohibition, congressional enforcement power and the later erosion of voting access.

LimitsThis is constitutional context for electoral participation, not proof that the amendment caused any one gubernatorial victory. It did not itself enfranchise women or prevent later suppression.

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www.senate.gov U.S. Senate · Reconstruction Louisiana and the Case of PBS Pinchback
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraph on December 9, 1872 impeachment and succession

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsThe impeachment-triggered succession on December 9, 1872, during Louisiana’s disputed Reconstruction government.

LimitsThis was succession to temporary executive authority, not a statewide election of Pinchback as governor. It does not show that access to other offices or public jobs was secure.

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www.archives.gov National Archives · Voting Rights Act of 1965
What this record supports

Where to lookIntroductory account, final paragraph on registration results, and statutory transcript Sections 2–6

Source typeHistorical statute and archival interpretation

What this source supportsThe signing date, original enforcement tools and reported registration outcomes by the end of 1965.

LimitsThese are historical provisions and registration results. The act did not select a governor, establish an individual candidate’s route, or prove any worker’s employment outcome. This is not a statement of every voting rule in force today.

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www.archives.gov National Archives · Selma Marches
What this record supports

Where to lookDallas County Voters League’s Courageous Eight; March 7 march and August 6 enactment paragraphs

Source typeArchival history with linked original records

What this source supportsNames the local organizers and organizations, describes the violence at Selma and connects the campaign to the legislation.

LimitsThese are historical provisions and registration results. The act did not select a governor, establish an individual candidate’s route, or prove any worker’s employment outcome. This is not a statement of every voting rule in force today.

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www.nga.org National Governors Association · L. Douglas Wilder
What this record supports

Where to lookTerm dates and biography’s 1989 election paragraph

Source typeGovernors association history

What this source supportsWilder’s 1989 election, the national first for a Black governor elected by a state electorate, and his term dates.

LimitsThis records one statewide electoral breakthrough. It does not establish that a particular earlier governor caused the victory, or that every public-sector career became accessible.

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www.wittenberg.edu Wittenberg University · Jennette Bradley’s executive offices
What this record supports

Where to lookDecember 22, 2004, Ground-Breaker; opening paragraphs on January 2003 service and the treasurer appointment

Source typeContemporary university account

What this source supportsHer January 2003 national first, concurrent Commerce role and announced January 2005 treasurer appointment.

LimitsLieutenant governor and governor are different offices. Bradley’s service demonstrates entry to a statewide executive role; it is not evidence that she became governor or caused a later candidate’s election.

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www.bw.edu Baldwin Wallace University · Women in Ohio Statewide Office
What this record supports

Where to lookLieutenant Governor section, Jennette Bradley profile

Source typeUniversity political-history project

What this source supportsThe 2002 ticket election and the distinction between her elected lieutenant governorship and later treasurer appointment.

LimitsLieutenant governor and governor are different offices. Bradley’s service demonstrates entry to a statewide executive role; it is not evidence that she became governor or caused a later candidate’s election.

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www.sec.state.ma.us Massachusetts Archives · Office of the Governor records
What this record supports

Where to lookGO60 Patrick administration records; PDF page 57 and following

Source typeState archival finding aid

What this source supportsIdentifies the Patrick administration’s surviving gubernatorial records and their archival context.

LimitsElection, inauguration and later appointments are separate records. This does not establish who gained employment in his administration or how a current employee joined it.

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www.nga.org National Governors Association · Deval Patrick
What this record supports

Where to lookTerm dates and opening paragraph on inauguration

Source typeGovernors association history

What this source supportsPatrick’s inauguration and term dates.

LimitsElection, inauguration and later appointments are separate records. This does not establish who gained employment in his administration or how a current employee joined it.

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www.markey.senate.gov Congressional statement · Patrick’s historic election, November 8, 2006
What this record supports

Where to lookStatement identifying Massachusetts’ first African American governor

Source typeContemporary congressional statement

What this source supportsA contemporary statement identifying Massachusetts’ first Black governor.

LimitsElection, inauguration and later appointments are separate records. This does not establish who gained employment in his administration or how a current employee joined it.

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www.nga.org National Governors Association · David A. Paterson
What this record supports

Where to lookTerm dates and final biography sentences on the 2006 election and March 17, 2008 succession

Source typeGovernors association history

What this source supportsPaterson’s lieutenant-governor election, succession after Spitzer’s resignation and gubernatorial term dates.

LimitsThis is a documented succession at one state office. It does not establish appointment or employment of the reader, and an elected lieutenant governorship is not a separate gubernatorial election win.

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www.nysenate.gov New York Senate · Statement on Paterson’s inauguration
What this record supports

Where to lookJosé M. Serrano statement, March 19, 2008; March 17 oath and first Black governor references

Source typeContemporary legislative statement

What this source supportsA contemporary account of the oath of office and identification of New York’s first Black governor.

LimitsThis is a documented succession at one state office. It does not establish appointment or employment of the reader, and an elected lieutenant governorship is not a separate gubernatorial election win.

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www.nysenate.gov New York Senate · Paterson signs the Domestic Workers Bill of Rights
What this record supports

Where to lookAugust 31, 2010 governor’s announcement reproduced by Senator Diane Savino; opening paragraph

Source typeContemporary executive announcement

What this source supportsPaterson’s signature and the law’s stated purpose of extending protections to domestic workers.

LimitsEnactment is a rule change, not proof that every employer complied or every worker received the benefits. This historical record does not determine an individual’s present legal coverage, pay recovery or hiring route.

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dol.ny.gov New York Department of Labor · Domestic workers legislation FAQ
What this record supports

Where to lookPage 1, Days of rest and paid time off; introduction and question 1

Source typeAgency implementation guidance

What this source supportsChapter 481’s November 29, 2010 effective date and the paid-rest entitlement after one year with an employer.

LimitsEnactment is a rule change, not proof that every employer complied or every worker received the benefits. This historical record does not determine an individual’s present legal coverage, pay recovery or hiring route.

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wnyc.org WNYC · Workers describe the new law and their organizing
What this record supports

Where to lookCindy Rodriguez, August 31, 2010; protections, six years of lobbying and Barbara Young interview

Source typeContemporary reporting and worker interview

What this source supportsThe protections reported at enactment, the organizing campaign and Barbara Young’s response; it does not measure later compliance.

LimitsEnactment is a rule change, not proof that every employer complied or every worker received the benefits. This historical record does not determine an individual’s present legal coverage, pay recovery or hiring route.

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governor.maryland.gov Maryland Office of the Governor · Wes Moore
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening paragraph identifying the office and state first

Source typeOfficial office biography

What this source supportsIdentifies Moore as Maryland’s 63rd and first Black governor.

LimitsThe officeholding record is established. Effects on a particular occupation, agency or worker require separate policies, appointment records and implementation evidence.

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www2.montgomerycountymd.gov Montgomery County · Statement on Moore and Miller’s inaugurations
What this record supports

Where to lookJanuary 18, 2023 statement; opening account of attending the swearing-in

Source typeContemporary local-government record

What this source supportsA dated account of attending the January 18, 2023 swearing-in.

LimitsThe officeholding record is established. Effects on a particular occupation, agency or worker require separate policies, appointment records and implementation evidence.

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mgaleg.maryland.gov Maryland General Assembly · SERVE Act, Chapter 99 of 2023
What this record supports

Where to lookSections 21–204 to 21–206 (printed pages 15–25) and approval on page 39; distinguish inserted law from bracketed deletions

Source typeEnacted state law

What this source supportsDepartmental administration, paid placements and training, completion awards, HBCU outreach and the April 24 approval date.

LimitsThese programs were not limited to Black participants. A commencement count is not a long-term employment measure, proof of racial equity, or evidence that the reader worked at any host site. Current program terms require separate verification.

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governor.maryland.gov Maryland Governor’s Office · Inaugural service commencement
What this record supports

Where to lookJuly 17, 2024 release; previous-day commencement, participant accounts and program descriptions

Source typeOfficial implementation report

What this source supportsThe first commencement occurred and participants described service work. The account is from the administering executive branch, not an independent impact evaluation.

LimitsThese programs were not limited to Black participants. A commencement count is not a long-term employment measure, proof of racial equity, or evidence that the reader worked at any host site. Current program terms require separate verification.

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marylandmatters.org Maryland Matters · First service class graduates
What this record supports

Where to lookElijah Pittman, July 16, 2024; opening 231-graduate count and Justin Peleska’s Love Wins placement account

Source typeIndependent contemporary reporting

What this source supportsThe combined graduating-class count and a named participant’s account of an actual host-site placement.

LimitsThese programs were not limited to Black participants. A commencement count is not a long-term employment measure, proof of racial equity, or evidence that the reader worked at any host site. Current program terms require separate verification.

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www.gpb.org Georgia Public Broadcasting · Keisha Lance Bottoms wins Georgia’s governor race
What this record supports

Where to lookNovember 3, 2026, 9:34 p.m. report; opening paragraphs citing AP’s race call

Source typeElection-night reporting citing AP

What this source supportsReports the AP race call and the national first for a Black woman elected governor; this is not a certification document.

LimitsChecked November 4, 2026. This is a reported election outcome, not independent confirmation of certification or inauguration. It establishes no completed policy change or workplace hiring outcome.

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www.wabe.org WABE · Bottoms wins Georgia’s governor race
What this record supports

Where to lookRahul Bali and DorMiya Vance, November 3, 2026, updated 9:45 p.m.; opening paragraphs and AP call

Source typeContemporary public-radio election reporting

What this source supportsCorroborates the reported win and distinguishes election from the January swearing-in. The outlet relies on the AP race call.

LimitsChecked November 4, 2026. This is a reported election outcome, not independent confirmation of certification or inauguration. It establishes no completed policy change or workplace hiring outcome.

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www.wusf.org WUSF · Byron Donalds wins Florida’s governor race
What this record supports

Where to lookNovember 3 report, updated 10:22 p.m.; governor-elect subheading and AP race-call paragraphs

Source typeElection-night reporting citing AP

What this source supportsReports the AP race call and Florida’s first Black governor-elect; this is not a certification document.

LimitsChecked November 4, 2026. Election reporting is not independent certification or a completed inauguration. This does not claim that Donalds is the first Black man elected governor anywhere in the United States.

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www.leg.state.fl.us Florida Legislature · Constitution, Article IV, Section 5
What this record supports

Where to lookArticle IV, Section 5(a): statewide election and January term start

Source typeState constitution

What this source supportsThe state’s general rules for electing its executive officers and beginning their terms; it does not certify this race.

LimitsChecked November 4, 2026. Election reporting is not independent certification or a completed inauguration. This does not claim that Donalds is the first Black man elected governor anywhere in the United States.

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www.wuwf.org WUWF · Election-night results in Florida
What this record supports

Where to lookNovember 3, 2026; A new governor and Ashley Moody wins Senate seat section

Source typeContemporary public-radio election reporting

What this source supportsAdditional reporting of Donalds’ win and Florida’s first Black governor; unofficial election-night results do not establish certification.

LimitsChecked November 4, 2026. Election reporting is not independent certification or a completed inauguration. This does not claim that Donalds is the first Black man elected governor anywhere in the United States.

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www.loc.gov Library of Congress · Freedom's Journal, 1827–1829
What this record supports

Where to lookAbout this Newspaper; publication dates and historical description

Source typeArchival catalog history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Cornish and Russwurm publish an independent Black newspaper. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThe publication establishes an independent press institution, not broad entry into white-owned newsrooms; disputes later divided its editors.

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www.nps.gov National Park Service · Ida B. Wells
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography paragraphs covering the 1892 lynchings, destruction of her office and New York Age reporting

Source typePublic history biography

What this source supportsReferenced for: Ida B. Wells keeps reporting after her newspaper is attacked. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis is a record of institutional support and survival under violence, not a policy victory that made journalism safe or equally accessible.

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whca.press White House Correspondents' Association · Honoring Alice Dunnigan and Ethel Payne
What this record supports

Where to lookApril 25, 2022; paragraphs on 1947 credentialing and Eisenhower-era press conferences

Source typeProfessional association history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Alice Dunnigan gains White House press credentials. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsA credential granted entry, not equal opportunity to question the president or control over a newsroom's hiring.

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mije.org Maynard Institute · Our History
What this record supports

Where to lookOur decades of impact: 1976, August 31, 1977, 1980 and 1985 entries

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Journalists organize training and an institution to sustain it. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsProgram operation does not establish hiring or promotion at your newsroom.

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mije.org Maynard Institute · Our History
What this record supports

Where to lookOur decades of impact: 1983 Oakland Tribune purchase entry

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Robert and Nancy Maynard acquire the Oakland Tribune. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsOwnership alone does not establish particular hiring, pay or promotion outcomes.

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www.nps.gov National Park Service · Charlotte Forten Grimké
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraphs on the fall 1862 arrival, Brick Baptist Church and “Life on the Sea Islands”

Source typeFederal historical biography

What this source supportsForten’s arrival, teaching location and firsthand accounts.

LimitsPenn was a wartime school supported by a relief organization. This is not proof of employment by today’s Beaufort County school district.

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www.nps.gov National Park Service · Education during the Port Royal Experiment
What this record supports

Where to lookPenn School paragraphs: Towne’s April 1862 arrival through Forten joining in the fall

Source typeFederal historical interpretation

What this source supportsThe founders, relief-committee backing, literacy restrictions and move to Brick Baptist Church.

LimitsPenn was a wartime school supported by a relief organization. This is not proof of employment by today’s Beaufort County school district.

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www.alasu.edu Alabama State University · History & Traditions
What this record supports

Where to lookThe Marion Nine; Our Growth

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsThe founders, fundraising, opening date and reported enrollment; the institution’s account of its predecessor.

LimitsThe opening documents an educational institution, not a teaching appointment for every student or a national first in Black education.

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law.justia.com Knight v. State of Alabama · historical findings
What this record supports

Where to lookFindings 103–110, especially 108–110

Source typeCourt findings based on historical evidence

What this source supportsFinley’s advocacy, the 1873 funding arrangement, transfer of property and change in governance.

LimitsPublic funding expanded institutional support while reducing the founders’ control; it did not integrate Alabama’s white university.

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www.cambridgema.gov Cambridge Historical Commission · Maria Baldwin House evaluation
What this record supports

Where to lookFebruary 25, 2022 report, pages 6–7; 1889 appointment and May 21, 2002 school renaming

Source typeMunicipal historical report

What this source supportsTraining and employment obstacles, the principalship, and the Agassiz-to-Baldwin school connection across different buildings.

LimitsThis documents a specific appointment and a school-name connection in Cambridge, Massachusetts. The present building is not the one where she began; it does not prove any current employee’s hiring route.

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home.nps.gov National Park Service · Dr. Anna Julia Cooper
What this record supports

Where to lookEarly Life and Education, final paragraph; Women’s Clubs and Activism, final paragraph

Source typeFederal historical biography with scholarly references

What this source supportsM Street teaching, the curriculum dispute, the 1906 dismissal and later return to teaching.

LimitsThis records a contested leadership role, not uninterrupted advancement. The biography is not the board’s personnel file or proof of a present-day teacher’s appointment.

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npgallery.nps.gov Booker T. Washington High School · National Register nomination
What this record supports

Where to lookHistorical Narrative, PDF pages 6–7

Source typeHistoric-property documentation

What this source supportsCommunity organizing, the opening of the Atlanta school and Harper’s recruitment of its faculty.

LimitsThis establishes a specific Atlanta workplace, not a connection to other schools with the same name or a list of every teacher hired.

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law.justia.com Alston v. School Board of City of Norfolk, 112 F.2d 992
What this record supports

Where to lookOpinion, pages 993–997; concluding reversal and remand

Source typeCourt opinion

What this source supportsThe teachers’ allegations, constitutional ruling and reversal; it does not document subsequent payroll compliance.

LimitsThe opinion describes the legal route to relief; it is not a payroll record proving when every Norfolk teacher received equal pay.

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openjurist.org Cook v. Davis, 178 F.2d 595
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraphs 5–6 and 18–20

Source typeCourt opinion

What this source supportsThe 1942 policy change, Davis’s later challenge and the 1949 disposition; eventual equal pay is not established.

LimitsA new policy did not settle whether teachers actually received equal pay; this decision does not establish the eventual payroll outcome.

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www.archives.gov National Archives · Brown v. Board of Education
What this record supports

Where to lookMay 17, 1954 opinion transcript: syllabus and opening paragraphs; introductory account of Brown II

Source typeCourt opinion in federal archival custody

What this source supportsThe pupil-access holding and separate implementation proceedings; no teacher-employment outcome is established here.

LimitsBrown is not proof that every Black teacher kept a job, gained a promotion or received equal pay. Chambers and Singleton below address staffing harms during desegregation.

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kinginstitute.stanford.edu Stanford King Institute · Septima Poinsette Clark
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraphs beginning “In 1956,” “By the time of her firing,” and “After retiring from SCLC”

Source typeResearch-institute biography citing oral history and personal papers

What this source supportsThe nonrenewal, Highlander and SCLC employment, and 1976 pension restoration.

LimitsThis was a loss followed by work elsewhere and a later remedy. It does not identify every affected teacher, establish a current district’s liability or replace Clark’s personnel records.

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www.scstatehouse.gov South Carolina General Assembly · H. 4026 honoring Septima Clark
What this record supports

Where to look2019 adopted resolution; clauses on the 1956 law, Highlander, SCLC and restored benefits

Source typeCommemorative legislative record

What this source supportsThe legislature’s retrospective account; this is not the original dismissal order or a payroll record.

LimitsThis was a loss followed by work elsewhere and a later remedy. It does not identify every affected teacher, establish a current district’s liability or replace Clark’s personnel records.

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openjurist.org Chambers v. Hendersonville City Board of Education, 364 F.2d 189
What this record supports

Where to lookMajority opinion, paragraphs 6–12; counsel listed above the opinion

Source typeCourt opinion

What this source supportsStaffing losses, unequal selection standards and the ordered employment remedy; subsequent implementation remains unverified.

LimitsThe ruling orders relief; it does not prove compliance. This was Hendersonville’s historical city system, not an established link to every school in today’s Henderson County district.

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law.justia.com Singleton v. Jackson Municipal Separate School District, 419 F.2d 1211
What this record supports

Where to lookOpinion dated December 1, 1969 in the text; Part I, “Desegregation of Faculty and Other Staff,” paragraphs 2–3

Source typeCourt opinion

What this source supportsThe historical staffing safeguards and demotion definition; the site’s February 1970 header differs from the opinion date.

LimitsThese are historical requirements, not proof of a particular educator’s reinstatement or a rule automatically applicable to every district today. Local orders and compliance records remain necessary.

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law.howard.edu Howard University School of Law · Our History
What this record supports

Where to lookHistory paragraphs covering January 1869, February 1871 and Charlotte E. Ray in 1872

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsHoward’s opening, Langston’s leadership and the first graduates’ reported entry into practice.

LimitsThese are the institution's reported early outcomes, not evidence of equal access to every legal employer.

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oag.dc.gov District of Columbia OAG · Charlotte E. Ray
What this record supports

Where to lookFebruary 26, 2019; Charlotte E. Ray biography, degree and private-practice paragraph

Source typeGovernment historical profile

What this source supportsHer 1872 credential, District practice and business closure.

LimitsHer admission opened a legal right to practice; it did not ensure clients or a durable livelihood.

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members.nationalbar.org National Bar Association · History
What this record supports

Where to lookTimeline: 1925 incorporation and 1930 library access; founders and past presidents lists

Source typeProfessional association history

What this source supportsThe incorporation date, founders, Woodson’s presidency and early access concerns.

LimitsAssociation membership did not confer a law license or guarantee employment. Its founding is a professional-organizing record, not evidence about every bar or firm.

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archives.upenn.edu University of Pennsylvania Archives · Sadie Tanner Mossell Alexander
What this record supports

Where to lookBiographical paragraphs covering employment after her doctorate and law study, bar admission and practice

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsAlexander’s degree, bar admission, earlier employment difficulty and estate/family-law practice.

LimitsThis documents her actual practice, not the hiring policies of other firms or current admission requirements.

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www.americanhistory.si.edu Smithsonian · Howard Law: Preparing for Struggle
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening paragraph and 1931 course-syllabus memorandum caption

Source typeMuseum exhibition with archival document

What this source supportsHouston’s appointment, curriculum changes and the dated memorandum.

LimitsThis connects an academic appointment to legal training, not every graduate’s later hiring or a reader’s present employer.

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www.trumanlibrary.gov Truman Library · William Hastie oral history
What this record supports

Where to lookJanuary 5, 1972 interview; transcript pages 2–3

Source typeFirst-person oral history

What this source supportsHastie’s account of selection authority, legal assignments and a 1934 start.

LimitsThe Federal Judicial Center dates service from 1933; Hastie recalled 1934. A personnel record is needed to resolve that difference. Neither source establishes all departmental hiring practices.

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www.fjc.gov Federal Judicial Center · William Henry Hastie
What this record supports

Where to lookProfessional Career: assistant solicitor, 1933–1937

Source typeOfficial judicial biography

What this source supportsThe official career chronology, which differs from his later recollection.

LimitsThe Federal Judicial Center dates service from 1933; Hastie recalled 1934. A personnel record is needed to resolve that difference. Neither source establishes all departmental hiring practices.

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www.nyc.gov NYC Law Department · Law Day statement
What this record supports

Where to lookMay 1, 2020; final paragraph on Jane Bolin

Source typeEmployer history

What this source supportsThe 1937 assistant corporation counsel appointment and its institutional first.

LimitsThis is an attorney appointment at a named employer. It does not establish access to every city legal position or the circumstances of a present employee’s hiring.

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history.nycourts.gov Historical Society of the New York Courts · Judge Jane Bolin
What this record supports

Where to lookEarly practice, corporation counsel and 1939 judicial appointment paragraphs

Source typeCourt historical society research

What this source supportsThe transition from private practice and work before the Domestic Relations Court.

LimitsThis is an attorney appointment at a named employer. It does not establish access to every city legal position or the circumstances of a present employee’s hiring.

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www.naacpldf.org Legal Defense Fund · Life and Legacy of Constance Baker Motley
What this record supports

Where to lookLife and Legacy biography and Desegregation Architect section

Source typeEmployer history

What this source supportsThe 1945 entry, 1949 promotion and university-desegregation work.

LimitsThis establishes a career at LDF. It does not establish employment at the NAACP, its local branches or other law firms.

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www.govinfo.gov U.S. Supreme Court · Sweatt v. Painter, 339 U.S. 629 (1950)
What this record supports

Where to lookSyllabus, pp. 629–630; opinion, pp. 631–636

Source typeCourt opinion

What this source supportsThe exclusion challenged, unequal education finding and required admission.

LimitsThe opinion concerns this admission dispute; it is not evidence of degree completion, employment or equal access across all law schools.

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www.fjc.gov Federal Judicial Center · Constance Baker Motley
What this record supports

Where to lookFederal Judicial Service: nomination, confirmation, commission and chief-judge dates

Source typeOfficial judicial biography

What this source supportsThe appointing authorities, exact 1966 dates and 1982 leadership role.

LimitsA judicial appointment has a different route from an attorney, clerk or court-staff job. Her appointment does not prove the hiring history of those roles.

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nysd.uscourts.gov Southern District of New York · Court history
What this record supports

Where to lookCourt-history paragraph on Motley’s August 30, 1966 appointment

Source typeCourt institutional history

What this source supportsThe court’s identification of the historic appointment.

LimitsA judicial appointment has a different route from an attorney, clerk or court-staff job. Her appointment does not prove the hiring history of those roles.

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www.nps.gov National Park Service · Fort Des Moines: A Series of Firsts in Wartime Service
What this record supports

Where to lookWorld War I African American Officer Training Center

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Advocacy secures an Army officer-training camp for Black candidates. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsGraduates could command Black infantry units only, received no artillery or cavalry training there, and were commissioned no higher than captain.

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www.army.mil U.S. Army · Historical Sustainment Leaders Honored with Gregg-Adams Redesignation
What this record supports

Where to lookLt. Col. Charity Adams section: 1942 training and 6888th command

Source typeService historical account

What this source supportsReferenced for: Charity Adams moves from officer training to overseas command. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThe WAAC was initially auxiliary service; the later WAC and this documented command should not be read as unrestricted access for all Black women.

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www.quantico.marines.mil Marine Corps Base Quantico · Celebrating the Contributions of Frederick Branch
What this record supports

Where to lookOfficer-school application, recommendation and November 10 commission

Source typeService historical account

What this source supportsReferenced for: Frederick Branch earns a Marine Corps commission after an earlier rejection. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis individual commission did not end segregation or prove that other applicants received the same access.

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www.archives.gov National Archives · Executive Order 9981
What this record supports

Where to lookOrder transcript, sections 1–4; introduction on the Fahy Committee

Source typeExecutive order and archival context

What this source supportsReferenced for: Executive Order 9981 makes equal treatment a service-wide policy. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThe order was a policy change, not immediate integration of every unit; actual assignments and promotions require branch and unit records.

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www.neh.gov National Endowment for the Humanities · Black Swan Rising
What this record supports

Where to lookDavid Suisman, November/December 2010; founding, recording output and 1924 outcome

Source typeHistorical research published by NEH

What this source supportsReferenced for: Harry Pace builds a Black-owned recording company. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsCompetition and financial pressure overtook the venture; the 1924 Paramount arrangement ended its independent experiment rather than securing permanent control.

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www.afm47.org AFM Local 47 · Amalgamation of Local 47 and 767
What this record supports

Where to lookMarl Young’s participant account; final merger and June 25, 1953 board minutes

Source typeParticipant account with union minutes

What this source supportsReferenced for: Black and white musicians merge Los Angeles’s segregated union locals. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsShared membership did not automatically give every musician a studio call or equal earnings; hiring outcomes require additional records.

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www.metopera.org Metropolitan Opera · Black Voices at the Met
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening paragraphs on Anderson, Bing and McFerrin

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Marian Anderson gains a leading role at the Metropolitan Opera. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis is a documented opening at the Met, not the first Black operatic performance anywhere or proof of equal engagement terms.

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www.njsymphony.org New Jersey Symphony · Institutional history
What this record supports

Where to lookHenry Lewis’s 1968–1976 tenure

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Henry Lewis takes artistic leadership of the New Jersey Symphony. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsAn individual leadership appointment does not establish equal access for other conductors or musicians; board and audition records would deepen the account.

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www.nps.gov National Park Service · Mary McLeod Bethune
What this record supports

Where to lookNCNW founding, headquarters and staff paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Bethune and Black women organize a national council. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsOrganizational leadership and staffing are documented; this account does not establish that every elected or volunteer leadership role was paid.

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nul.org National Urban League · Vernon Jordan’s tribute to Whitney Young
What this record supports

Where to lookJordan’s 2019 prepared remarks, recruitment and UNCF paragraphs

Source typeFirsthand retrospective account

What this source supportsReferenced for: Whitney Young mentors a future nonprofit executive. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsJordan’s testimony supports a personal mentoring relationship; it does not establish that Young controlled either organization’s appointing vote or that this route served all candidates.

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nul.org National Urban League · State of Black America 2021
What this record supports

Where to lookVernon Jordan chronology, printed page 9

Source typeInstitutional chronology

What this source supportsReferenced for: Whitney Young mentors a future nonprofit executive. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsJordan’s testimony supports a personal mentoring relationship; it does not establish that Young controlled either organization’s appointing vote or that this route served all candidates.

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www.abfe.org ABFE · Its beginnings at the 1971 Council on Foundations meeting
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraph describing the alternative slate and five board elections

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Black foundation professionals organize for board representation. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis is a particular association’s board election, not authority to appoint executives at corporations or every nonprofit; individual ballots are not reproduced in this account.

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www.rwjf.org Robert Wood Johnson Foundation · Risa Lavizzo-Mourey leadership retrospective
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening tenure paragraphs and leadership-program discussion, September 13, 2016

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Risa Lavizzo-Mourey takes leadership of a health foundation. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis establishes her leadership of RWJF, not a general hiring pathway for all nonprofits or proof that any particular grant created a reader’s job.

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www.ame-church.com African Methodist Episcopal Church · Founder’s Day history
What this record supports

Where to lookRichard Allen, Bethel and 1816 denominational founding paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Richard Allen and Black congregations form an independent denomination. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsAME independence does not describe appointment or ordination in every Black congregation, denomination or faith.

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www.itc.edu Interdenominational Theological Center · About and founding history
What this record supports

Where to lookFounding, first instruction and Harry Van Buren Richardson paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Four seminaries combine theological education. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsA seminary place or degree is not ordination or a congregational appointment; participating denominations retained distinct traditions and authorities.

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digitalarchives.episcopalarchives.org Episcopal General Convention · Resolution 1976-B005
What this record supports

Where to lookFinal text, Canon III.9, section 1; Journal p. C-52

Source typeContemporary church resolution

What this source supportsReferenced for: The Episcopal Church changes its ordination canon. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThis was a denomination-specific change; it did not itself ordain anyone or determine appointments in other churches.

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exhibits.episcopalarchives.org Archives of the Episcopal Church · The Reverend Pauli Murray
What this record supports

Where to lookOrdination and parish-service paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Pauli Murray enters the Episcopal priesthood. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsOrdination and documented parish service establish Murray’s ministry; they do not establish unrestricted access across denominations or a connection to another congregation.

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pharmacy.howard.edu Howard University College of Pharmacy · About
What this record supports

Where to lookHoward University College of Pharmacy's History: 1868 evening instruction and James Thomas Wormley's 1870 degree

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsEvening instruction in 1868 and Wormley’s 1870 pharmacy degree.

LimitsThis establishes education at Howard; it does not document Wormley's later state license or employment.

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www.connecticutmuseum.org Connecticut Museum of Culture and History · Anna Louise James
What this record supports

Where to lookAnna Louise James biography: education, professional-association rejection and pharmacy ownership

Source typeMuseum history

What this source supportsProfessional-association rejection and James’s 1917 sole ownership in Old Saybrook.

LimitsA license and a viable practice did not guarantee equal standing within professional associations.

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guides.library.harvard.edu Schlesinger Library · Anna Louise James collection guide
What this record supports

Where to lookArchival Collections — In-Person; Anna Louise James biography

Source typeArchival collection guide

What this source supports1908 graduation, 1909 Connecticut license and Hartford-to-Old-Saybrook business history.

LimitsA license and a viable practice did not guarantee equal standing within professional associations.

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www.pittwire.pitt.edu University of Pittsburgh · Ella P. Stewart
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraphs covering segregated pharmacy classes, 1916 graduation and exam, and July 1922 pharmacy opening

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsSegregated training, 1916 qualification and the 1922 Toledo pharmacy.

LimitsThis documents one qualification and business; it does not establish equal treatment by every pharmacy employer.

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www.xula.edu Xavier University of Louisiana · College of Pharmacy Quick Facts
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening paragraph: 1927 founding and educational purpose

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsThe 1927 founding and purpose of educating Black and other minority pharmacists.

LimitsThe founding overview does not establish early graduates' licensing, placement or advancement at a particular workplace.

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events.howard.edu Howard University · Chauncey I. Cooper biography
What this record supports

Where to lookAbout the Building’s Name: 1938, 1941 and 1972 appointments

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsCooper’s acting-head appointment and service as dean.

LimitsThis is an academic appointment at Howard’s pharmacy college, not a hospital-pharmacist post or proof of graduates’ placement.

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npha.net National Pharmaceutical Association · History
What this record supports

Where to lookHistory and Our Purpose sections

Source typeOrganization’s historical account

What this source supportsCooper, the 45 founding pharmacists and the May 1947 formation.

LimitsThe association’s history establishes organizing; it does not measure resulting hires, pay or equal membership elsewhere.

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pharmacy.ufl.edu University of Florida · GATORx centennial history
What this record supports

Where to lookGATORx 2023, printed p. 8 (PDF p. 10), Ira Robinson profile

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supports1966 doctorate, reported exclusions and later research and academic work.

LimitsA research PhD is distinct from a pharmacist’s practice license. This account does not date those later job appointments.

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patentimages.storage.googleapis.com U.S. Patent 3,577,514 · Ira C. Robinson
What this record supports

Where to lookFirst page: inventor/assignor, filing date, grant date and abstract

Source typeIssued patent

What this source supportsRobinson’s credited invention, Pfizer assignment and 1968–1971 dates.

LimitsA patent is not evidence of drug approval, commercial use, a specific laboratory appointment or equal access to Pfizer jobs.

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www.aphafoundation.org APhA Foundation · Mary Munson Runge
What this record supports

Where to look1979–1981 presidency, practice history and women’s-affairs initiatives

Source typeOrganization’s historical biography

What this source supportsRunge’s election, practice settings and creation of professional-support structures.

LimitsThese organizational changes do not prove improved hiring or pay. The biography does not date her individual workplace appointments.

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database.edgemem.com EDGE Memphis and Shelby County · Champions Pharmacy loan
What this record supports

Where to lookProject ED20170201; February 1, 2017 approval; page’s embedded record 207, ProjectDescription

Source typePublic economic-development record

What this source supportsExact business/site, family operation, ownership transition and approved building-improvement loan.

LimitsThe approved loan’s projected retained jobs are not verified outcomes. This evidence does not establish current staffing or a connection to another pharmacy.

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www.capitol.tn.gov Tennessee General Assembly · Charles A. Champion memorial resolution
What this record supports

Where to lookSJR 150, 113th General Assembly, p. 1

Source typeLegislative biographical resolution

What this source supportsJohn Gaston Hospital and Katz employment before the pharmacy’s 1981 opening.

LimitsThe approved loan’s projected retained jobs are not verified outcomes. This evidence does not establish current staffing or a connection to another pharmacy.

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www.bumc.bu.edu Boston University · Rebecca Lee Crumpler
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening biographical paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsCrumpler’s 1864 degree and later work in Richmond and Boston.

LimitsHer credential and documented practice do not establish that other medical schools or hospitals opened admission because of her graduation.

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medicine.howard.edu Howard University College of Medicine · History
What this record supports

Where to lookNovember 1868 opening and Alexander Thomas Augusta paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsHoward’s opening date, inaugural students and faculty, and Augusta’s educational background.

LimitsAn opened classroom and faculty appointment are documented; this account does not identify each student’s later license, residency or employer.

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npgallery.nps.gov National Park Service · Daniel Hale Williams House historic nomination
What this record supports

Where to lookStatement of significance, PDF pages 3 and 5

Source typeHistorical designation research

What this source supportsProvident’s incorporation, integrated operation and clinical opportunities.

LimitsThis is evidence about Provident, not proof of access at other hospitals; the cited historical nomination does not supply individual appointment records.

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nmanet.org National Medical Association · NMA History
What this record supports

Where to lookHistory, The Founders and The Early Years sections

Source typeProfessional association history

What this source supportsThe 1895 founding, organizers, officers and professional objectives.

LimitsProfessional membership is not a medical license, residency appointment or grant of hospital privileges.

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www.nlm.nih.gov National Library of Medicine · Drew at Howard, 1941–1950
What this record supports

Where to lookPage 1: October appointment, resident training and December 1948 examinations; page 2: professional exclusion

Source typeArchival exhibition biography

What this source supportsDrew’s appointments, mentoring and residents’ certification outcomes.

LimitsThese are named training and leadership connections. They do not identify every graduate’s later employer or establish uninterrupted access at today’s hospital.

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law.justia.com Simkins v. Moses H. Cone Memorial Hospital · 323 F.2d 959
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening statement of claims and majority opinion’s injunctive-relief holding

Source typeContemporary court opinion

What this source supportsThe named hospitals, exclusion challenged, constitutional holding and ordered relief.

LimitsThis judgment documents a legal opening at the named hospitals; it does not by itself verify each subsequent clinical appointment or nationwide compliance.

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www.nlm.nih.gov U.S. Commission on Civil Rights · Equal Opportunity in Hospitals and Health Facilities
What this record supports

Where to lookPrinted pages 3 and 6–9; March 1965 publication

Source typeContemporary federal guidance

What this source supportsFederal funding conditions and the guidance on practice privileges and training.

LimitsCoverage and effective dates differed; the guidance states requirements, not proof that any particular hospital immediately complied or hired a specific physician.

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www.med.upenn.edu Penn Medicine · Helen Octavia Dickens
What this record supports

Where to look1965–1994: Three decades at Penn, faculty and associate-dean paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsThe 1965 faculty appointment, 1969 leadership role and recruitment work with Hamilton.

LimitsThis documents faculty and admissions leadership, not an individual student’s acceptance or privileges at every Penn Medicine hospital.

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newsroom.ucla.edu UCLA · Patricia Bath remembrance
What this record supports

Where to lookJune 5, 2019; faculty appointment and county employment paragraphs

Source typeEmployer history

What this source supportsUCLA faculty service in 1974–1987, county employment and Drew roles.

LimitsFaculty affiliation, county employment and residency leadership are distinct. These records do not prove a connection to every current UCLA Health location or a successor hospital.

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www.nlm.nih.gov National Library of Medicine · Patricia E. Bath
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography: UCLA/Drew appointments, discrimination and 1983 residency leadership

Source typeFederal medical-history exhibition

What this source supportsHer account of discrimination and the dated residency leadership role.

LimitsFaculty affiliation, county employment and residency leadership are distinct. These records do not prove a connection to every current UCLA Health location or a successor hospital.

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msm.smartcatalogiq.com Morehouse School of Medicine · Academic catalog history
What this record supports

Where to lookHistory paragraphs covering the feasibility study, 1975 program, 1978 class and 1981–1985 transition

Source typeInstitutional academic catalog

What this source supportsProgram stages, initial transfer arrangement, independence and first MD graduation.

LimitsMorehouse College and the independent medical school are distinct institutions. Training partnerships do not establish a graduate’s hospital employment.

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www.msm.edu Morehouse School of Medicine · Founders and anniversary
What this record supports

Where to lookApril 15, 2015 release; founding dean and April 2, 1975 paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsSullivan’s founding role and Brown and Gloster’s planning work.

LimitsMorehouse College and the independent medical school are distinct institutions. Training partnerships do not establish a graduate’s hospital employment.

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www.nyc.gov NYC Department of Records · City Hall Library Notes, April 2016
What this record supports

Where to lookSpotlight on Black History Month and Women’s History Month; Samuel Battle profile

Source typeMunicipal historical account

What this source supportsReferenced for: Samuel Battle enters the NYPD and later reaches supervisory ranks. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsHis career establishes particular appointments; it does not explain the selection process or promotion chances for every Black officer.

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historicalblackprecinct.org Black Police Precinct and Courthouse Museum · Overview and History
What this record supports

Where to lookThe first five patrolmen and conditions before the 1950 precinct

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Miami hires five Black patrolmen under unequal working conditions. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsEntry into the workforce came with unequal conditions; hiring did not integrate the department.

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historicalblackprecinct.org Black Police Precinct and Courthouse Museum · Overview and History
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening history: the precinct’s closure and department integration in 1963

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Miami ends the separate Black precinct arrangement. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsEnding separate facilities does not establish equal assignments, discipline or promotion; those need personnel and policy records.

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esopstl.org Ethical Society of Police · Our Mission & Work
What this record supports

Where to lookFounding statement and mission

Source typeOrganizational history

What this source supportsReferenced for: Black St. Louis officers organize against workplace discrimination. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsAn association’s existence and stated mission are not evidence that a particular promotion or hiring policy changed.

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www.lapl.org Los Angeles Public Library · Los Angeles and the Reintegration of the NFL
What this record supports

Where to lookJanuary 26 commission meeting and March 21 Washington contract

Source typeLibrary historical account

What this source supportsReferenced for: Black newspaper editors press the Rams to open their roster. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThese contracts established access at one team; they did not guarantee playing time or simultaneous integration across the league.

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www.hoophall.com Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame · Charles “Chuck” Cooper
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography: draft selection, NBA teams and discrimination

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsReferenced for: Boston selects Chuck Cooper in the NBA draft. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsBeing drafted, signing a contract and appearing in a game are different milestones; racial hostility in hotels and arenas continued.

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www.hoophall.com Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame · Bill Russell, Coach
What this record supports

Where to lookCoaching biography: 1966 appointment and championships

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsReferenced for: Bill Russell gains coaching authority as well as a playing role. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsOne appointment demonstrates access to authority at Boston, not equal coaching opportunities across teams or a route into ownership.

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www.nbpa.com National Basketball Players Association · Historical timeline
What this record supports

Where to lookRobertson suit filed (settled in 1976) over NBA, ABA merger

Source typeUnion historical account

What this source supportsReferenced for: Oscar Robertson and the players challenge restrictions on changing teams. Read the episode for the specific claim.

LimitsThese labor gains covered NBA players broadly; limited free agency was not unrestricted mobility, nor proof of equal access to coaching or ownership.

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onlineexhibits.library.yale.edu Yale University Library · Edward Alexander Bouchet
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography: doctorate, teaching and 1905 application

Source typeUniversity archival exhibit

What this source supportsCredential, teaching employment and unsuccessful Yale application.

LimitsA degree is not a faculty appointment or evidence of equal hiring.

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archives.upenn.edu University of Pennsylvania Archives · W. E. B. Du Bois
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraphs on the 1896 appointment, Seventh Ward study and Atlanta University professorship

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsPenn research role, Philadelphia study and subsequent Atlanta professorship.

LimitsThe two appointments had different roles and institutions; neither establishes the hiring policy of your department.

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morehouseathletics.com Morehouse College · John Hope
What this record supports

Where to lookDr. John Hope biography: teaching, 1906 presidency and graduate/professional education

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsTeaching history, 1906 presidency and educational leadership.

LimitsThis records his leadership; it does not measure changes in Black faculty hiring or tenure under his presidency.

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www.hawaii.edu University of Hawaiʻi · Alice Ball scholarship honors pioneering chemist
What this record supports

Where to look2017 account: degree, instructor appointment and research

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsCollege of Hawaiʻi teaching appointment, degree and scholarly work.

LimitsInstructor is the documented rank: this record does not establish tenure, a full professorship or an appointment at another UH campus.

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magazine.howard.edu Howard Magazine · Howard and a new Black theatre tradition
What this record supports

Where to lookFall 2025: Durkee dismissals and Johnson reappointment paragraphs

Source typeUniversity account of faculty historical research

What this source supportsNamed leaders, 1925 dismissal and later return; exact rehiring date remains open.

LimitsThis institutional research account is not a reviewed personnel file and gives no precise reappointment date.

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www.lib.uchicago.edu University of Chicago Library · Allison Davis Papers
What this record supports

Where to lookBiographical Note: appointment support and 1942–1948 faculty history

Source typeArchival finding-aid biography

What this source supportsNamed supporters, contested 1942 appointment and 1948 full professorship.

LimitsAppointment and promotion are distinct; neither proves equal treatment or a connection to another Chicago department.

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news.berkeley.edu UC Berkeley · David Blackwell faculty history
What this record supports

Where to lookEarly years: Neyman recruitment, 1954 arrival and 1955 appointment

Source typeEmployer history

What this source supportsRacial hiring objections, distinct appointment dates and chairmanship.

LimitsThe visiting appointment and full professorship occurred in different years; this does not document access throughout the UC system.

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www.umt.edu University of Montana · Mathematics newsletter, Fall 1999
What this record supports

Where to lookPrinted page 4: Gloria C. Hewitt retirement profile

Source typeContemporary employer newsletter

What this source supports1961 rank, 1962 doctorate, teaching and 1995–1999 chairmanship.

LimitsThis documents the Missoula department, not Montana State in Bozeman or every mathematics faculty appointment.

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www.umt.edu University of Montana · Mathematics department oral history
What this record supports

Where to lookPrinted page 62: Hewitt interview with Johnny W. Lott, May 12, 2006

Source typePublished oral-history transcript

What this source supportsHewitt’s recollection that Art Livingston repeatedly offered her the position.

LimitsThis documents the Missoula department, not Montana State in Bozeman or every mathematics faculty appointment.

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www.aaup.org AAUP · The Angela Davis Case
What this record supports

Where to lookThe Angela Davis Case: offer, departmental recommendation and June 1970 vote

Source typeProfessional association history based on its investigation

What this source supportsNamed appointment authorities, term and nonrenewal decision.

LimitsThis was an acting appointment, not tenure. The record shows contested employment, not a permanent opening for every Black scholar.

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newsroom.ucla.edu UCLA · Dancing to the words of Angela Davis
What this record supports

Where to look1969–1970 teaching and reinstatement paragraphs

Source typeEmployer historical account

What this source supportsActing rank, court intervention and completion of the teaching year.

LimitsThis was an acting appointment, not tenure. The record shows contested employment, not a permanent opening for every Black scholar.

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phdproject.org The PhD Project · Our History
What this record supports

Where to lookTimeline entries for 1994 and 2002

Source typeProgram provider history

What this source supportsFounding partners, conference and participant milestones; not causal evaluation.

LimitsThese are the provider's reported milestones, not independent evidence that the program caused an appointment or that every participant obtained tenure.

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www.nursingworld.org American Nurses Association · Mary Eliza Mahoney
What this record supports

Where to lookMary Eliza Mahoney biography, graduation and 1909 conference paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsMahoney’s 1879 graduation, the training institution and course length, and her 1909 conference address.

LimitsThis record establishes a training credential and professional participation, not a modern state RN license or nationwide access to hospital jobs.

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www.chicagohistory.org Chicago History Museum · Provident Hospital
What this record supports

Where to lookBrittany Hutchinson, July 29, 2020; paragraphs on Emma Reynolds, founding and the first graduating class

Source typeMuseum research

What this source supportsReynolds’ exclusion, the founders’ response and her graduation from the new school.

LimitsThis is Chicago’s Provident, not another hospital with the same name. It closed in 1987 and reopened under Cook County in 1993; a current job needs its own appointment record.

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cookcountyhealth.org Cook County Health · Provident’s 30th anniversary timeline
What this record supports

Where to lookTimeline entries for 1889–1891, 1987 and 1993

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsThe founding context, closure and later county reopening; not continuous employment since 1891.

LimitsThis is Chicago’s Provident, not another hospital with the same name. It closed in 1987 and reopened under Cook County in 1993; a current job needs its own appointment record.

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libguides.urmc.rochester.edu University of Rochester · A history of care exhibit
What this record supports

Where to lookItem headed Jessie Sleet Scales, “A Successful Experiment,” American Journal of Nursing 1(10), 1901, pp. 729–31

Source typeLibrary exhibition

What this source supportsThe 1900 district-nursing appointment, tuberculosis work and an exhibited contemporary account.

LimitsThis was work for a private social-service organization in New York City. It is not proof of a city-government appointment, a modern RN license or a current home-care agency’s hiring route.

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mappingcare.digital.uic.edu University of Illinois Chicago · Black public health nurses
What this record supports

Where to look“Black public health nurses: skills & impact,” final paragraph on Scales and the Charity Organization Society; indexed page text

Source typeUniversity public-history research

What this source supportsIdentifies her private employer and reports connecting home conditions and employment discrimination to health.

LimitsThis was work for a private social-service organization in New York City. It is not proof of a city-government appointment, a modern RN license or a current home-care agency’s hiring route.

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archives.nypl.org NYPL Schomburg Center · NACGN records
What this record supports

Where to lookBiographical/historical information, opening paragraph; indexed finding aid, collection Sc Micro R 6565

Source typeArchival finding aid

What this source supportsFranklin’s survey, the sponsoring alumnae association, the 1908 founding and its stated goals.

LimitsOrganizing created a vehicle for change; founding an association did not itself change a hospital’s hiring policy. The catalog description was reviewed, not the underlying meeting minutes.

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www.nps.gov National Park Service · Places of Mabel Keaton Staupers
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening biography and section 3, Eleanor Roosevelt’s Apartment

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsStaupers’ organizing, contact with Eleanor Roosevelt and the account’s 1945 military admission change.

LimitsThis institutional history describes an admission change; it does not establish equal assignments, promotion or the service record of an individual nurse.

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history.nursing.virginia.edu University of Virginia · Carnegie’s educational leadership
What this record supports

Where to lookWindows in Time, Spring 2021, printed pages 14–15; Carnegie’s Florida A&M reforms

Source typeNursing-history research

What this source supportsThe reorganization, budget, teaching resources, student duty hours and move to college oversight.

LimitsThese are documented educational and administrative changes during her 1945–1953 tenure. They do not establish each graduate’s license, later employer or measured patient outcomes.

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n-e-f.org Nurses Educational Funds · Mary Elizabeth Carnegie
What this record supports

Where to lookMemorial biography; paragraph recording her Florida A&M deanship, 1945–1953

Source typeProfessional organization biography

What this source supportsThe dates and institutional location of her deanship.

LimitsThese are documented educational and administrative changes during her 1945–1953 tenure. They do not establish each graduate’s license, later employer or measured patient outcomes.

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nursing.nyu.edu NYU Meyers · Estelle Osborne’s legacy
What this record supports

Where to look2017 legacy celebration account; paragraphs on the 1931 master’s and 1946 faculty appointment

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsHer degree, NYU’s first-Black-faculty identification, its 1946 date and the mentoring described.

LimitsNYU’s account dates her arrival to 1946; NYPL’s finding aid says 1947. An appointment record is still needed to resolve that difference. This faculty role does not establish employment at an NYU hospital.

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nyplorg-data-archives.s3.amazonaws.com NYPL Schomburg Center · Estelle Massey Osborne papers
What this record supports

Where to lookCreator History, printed page ii (PDF page 2), paragraph recording a 1947 NYU appointment

Source typeArchival finding aid

What this source supportsAn independent institutional account of the appointment with a conflicting year; underlying papers were not reviewed.

LimitsNYU’s account dates her arrival to 1946; NYPL’s finding aid says 1947. An appointment record is still needed to resolve that difference. This faculty role does not establish employment at an NYU hospital.

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www.nursingworld.org American Nurses Association · Mabel Keaton Staupers
What this record supports

Where to lookMabel Keaton Staupers biography, membership restrictions and 1948 admission

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsThe state-based membership exclusions and the 1948 admission of Black nurses to full ANA membership.

LimitsAssociation membership is distinct from a nursing license, an employer’s hiring decision and equal treatment on the job.

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www.govinfo.gov Public Law 87-262 · Transfer of Freedmen’s Hospital
What this record supports

Where to lookSections 1–2, 75 Stat. 542–543

Source typeContemporary statute

What this source supportsThe transfer authority, eligible employee categories, salary protection and specified benefit and seniority provisions.

LimitsThe protections applied to defined employee categories, not every applicant or later hire; this statute alone does not verify an individual worker’s transfer or payroll.

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law.justia.com Smith v. Hampton Training School for Nurses · 360 F.2d 577
What this record supports

Where to lookOpinion: opening facts and final reinstatement/back-pay paragraphs

Source typeContemporary court opinion

What this source supportsThe named nurses’ dismissal, their different nursing qualifications and the court’s reinstatement and back-pay directions.

LimitsThe opinion establishes ordered relief at this hospital, not evidence that every remedy was carried out or that all nursing workplaces changed.

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cwggl.howard.edu Howard University · College of Nursing and Allied Health history
What this record supports

Where to lookHistory of the college, PDF page 8; Appendix A, PDF page 18

Source typeInstitutional research

What this source supportsColes’ leadership and the nursing program’s development; the additional sources separate trustee approval from instruction and graduation.

LimitsThis establishes Howard’s education pathway; graduation alone does not establish licensure or an appointment at Howard University Hospital or another employer.

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president.howard.edu Howard University President · Nursing program approval
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraph beginning ‘On April 23, 1968’ (board decision only)

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsThe April 23, 1968 trustee decision establishing the baccalaureate program; cited for that decision only.

LimitsThis establishes Howard’s education pathway; graduation alone does not establish licensure or an appointment at Howard University Hospital or another employer.

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thedig.howard.edu Howard University · BSN program’s 50th anniversary
What this record supports

Where to lookSeptember 16, 2019; paragraph beginning “The Bachelor of Science in Nursing program”; reproduced Coles account below

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsInstruction beginning in 1969, the first cohort’s 1973 graduation and an excerpt of Coles’ 1969 account.

LimitsThis establishes Howard’s education pathway; graduation alone does not establish licensure or an appointment at Howard University Hospital or another employer.

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nbna.org National Black Nurses Association · Founding history
What this record supports

Where to lookFounding account; 1970 California organizing, 1971 Cleveland meeting and 1972 constitution/bylaws

Source typeOrganization’s own history

What this source supportsThe named organizers, founding meeting and adoption of the governing structure.

LimitsThe records connect named nurses to Oakland and professional organizing. They do not identify who approved Cunningham’s promotion or prove a hiring pathway across every Kaiser facility.

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about.kaiserpermanente.org Kaiser Permanente · Jessie Cunningham’s nursing career
What this record supports

Where to lookMay 1, 2014; “A model student and mentor” and “Making connections with Black colleagues”

Source typeEmployer history with recollections

What this source supportsCunningham’s Oakland nursing and supervision; Cunningham and Williams’ local organizing.

LimitsThe records connect named nurses to Oakland and professional organizing. They do not identify who approved Cunningham’s promotion or prove a hiring pathway across every Kaiser facility.

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achh.army.mil U.S. Army Medical Department · Hazel W. Johnson
What this record supports

Where to lookSixteenth Chief profile; tenure dates, education, commission and Army Nurse Corps standards paragraphs

Source typeOfficial military history

What this source supportsHer training, commission, chief appointment, general-officer first and publication of the practice standards.

LimitsThe appointment and practice standards establish institutional leadership, not equal promotion outcomes for every Black nurse or a reader’s commission at a particular Army hospital.

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www.thenmusa.org National Museum of the U.S. Army · Hazel Johnson-Brown
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography; West Chester rejection, Harlem training and 1979 appointment paragraphs

Source typeMilitary museum history

What this source supportsThe discrimination she encountered before training and her later Army leadership.

LimitsThe appointment and practice standards establish institutional leadership, not equal promotion outcomes for every Black nurse or a reader’s commission at a particular Army hospital.

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www.nasa.gov NASA · Dorothy Vaughan
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography paragraphs on the 1949 promotion, West Area conditions, 1958 reorganization and later management applications

Source typeFederal institutional biography

What this source supportsThe specific promotion, segregation, division transfer, programming work and later advancement limit.

LimitsNASA also records that she sought but did not receive another management position. Integration of the unit did not guarantee advancement; this is Langley’s history, not every NASA center’s.

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computerhistory.org Computer History Museum · Trailblazers and Change Agents
What this record supports

Where to lookJoe Thompson: First Generation Programmer; museum account and linked collection

Source typeMuseum history

What this source supportsThompson’s 1951 paid MIT work, programming and operations, later RAND work and career advancement.

LimitsThis establishes operations and programming work, not a modern DevOps or SRE title or a direct connection to your employer.

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www.nasa.gov NASA · Annie Easley
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography paragraphs beginning with her 1955 hiring; electronic computing, Fortran/SOAP, energy research and EEO counseling

Source typeFederal institutional biography

What this source supportsHer appointment, programming transition, research assignments and counseling role.

LimitsHer 2001 interview describes changing tools and addressing discrimination. It is personal testimony, not a payroll study or proof that every complaint was resolved. Her workplace was the Cleveland laboratory, not Langley.

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www.nasa.gov NASA · Annie Easley oral history
What this record supports

Where to lookSandra Johnson interview, Cleveland, August 21, 2001; published excerpts on human computing, computer programming and equality

Source typeFirst-person oral-history excerpt

What this source supportsEasley’s recollection of moving from calculators to programs and of raising workplace inequality with management; the complete transcript was not reviewed.

LimitsHer 2001 interview describes changing tools and addressing discrimination. It is personal testimony, not a payroll study or proof that every complaint was resolved. Her workplace was the Cleveland laboratory, not Langley.

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www.defense.gov U.S. Department of Defense · Navy Scientist Helped Develop GPS
What this record supports

Where to lookDavid Vergun, March 8, 2024; 1956 hiring and mid-1970s–1980s IBM 7030 paragraphs

Source typeFederal institutional history

What this source supportsThe appointment at Dahlgren and the computing contribution. Indexed article text reviewed; direct-page access was unavailable during this review.

LimitsThis was a team contribution to geodesy and navigation, not sole invention of GPS. It connects to Dahlgren scientific computing, not every Navy job, NASA or a modern cloud-operations title.

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airandspace.si.edu Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum · Dr. Gladys Mae Brown West
What this record supports

Where to lookCathleen Lewis, February 25, 2026; segregated education, Navy hiring and geoid-model paragraphs

Source typeMuseum history

What this source supportsThe discrimination context and the team’s scientific contribution; no claim that West alone invented GPS.

LimitsThis was a team contribution to geodesy and navigation, not sole invention of GPS. It connects to Dahlgren scientific computing, not every Navy job, NASA or a modern cloud-operations title.

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www.hewlettpackardhistory.com Hewlett-Packard Company Archives · Roy Clay
What this record supports

Where to lookMain biographical paragraph; 1965 recruitment and 2116A team. The item’s 1968 date describes the photograph, not the hiring year.

Source typeCorporate archive history

What this source supportsPackard’s recruitment, Clay’s team and software responsibilities, and the archive’s scoped seniority claim.

LimitsThis is a specific appointment at the historical Hewlett-Packard company. A link to a present-day HP or HPE workplace needs its own organizational and employment records.

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www.hewlettpackardhistory.com Hewlett-Packard Company Archives · The HP 2116
What this record supports

Where to lookOpening paragraph: introduction in 1966; separate from the item’s 1969 photograph date

Source typeCorporate product history

What this source supportsThe computer’s 1966 introduction, not an employment outcome for other workers.

LimitsThis is a specific appointment at the historical Hewlett-Packard company. A link to a present-day HP or HPE workplace needs its own organizational and employment records.

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siebelschool.illinois.edu University of Illinois · Clarence “Skip” Ellis
What this record supports

Where to look2019 Distinguished Achievement Memorial Award biography, opening three paragraphs

Source typeInstitutional biography

What this source supportsThe university’s scoped first-PhD claim, ILLIAC IV work and subsequent PARC leadership.

LimitsThis documents a degree and a later research appointment. It does not establish equal access or connect another employer—or a later owner of PARC—to Ellis’s team.

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cea.howard.edu Howard University College of Engineering and Architecture · Our History
What this record supports

Where to lookParagraphs covering the 1970–1997 school structure and programs inaugurated in the 1970–1980 era

Source typeInstitutional history

What this source supportsHoward’s program development within the stated decade, without a single founding year or placement figures.

LimitsThe history verifies program development, not graduate placement totals or a hiring relationship with a particular employer.

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www.ibm.com IBM · The personal computer
What this record supports

Where to lookProject Chess, development-team and ISA-bus passages; August 12, 1981 launch

Source typeCorporate institutional history

What this source supportsThe project authorization, leadership, Dean–Moeller bus contribution and product launch.

LimitsThis is hardware and computer-architecture context. It does not establish a software, support or SRE hiring pathway, or connect the reader to the original PC team.

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www.invent.org National Inventors Hall of Fame · Mark Dean
What this record supports

Where to lookMicrocomputer System with Bus Control Means for Peripheral Processing Devices; biography and patent 4,528,626 listing

Source typeInventor recognition record

What this source supportsDean and Moeller’s bus-control contribution. The 1981 product date is not presented as the patent issue date.

LimitsThis is hardware and computer-architecture context. It does not establish a software, support or SRE hiring pathway, or connect the reader to the original PC team.

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lemelson.mit.edu Lemelson-MIT · Marian Croak
What this record supports

Where to lookBiography paragraphs on 1982 Bell Labs entry, voice/data work and AT&T leadership before 2014

Source typeInstitutional inventor biography

What this source supportsThe starting employer, technical field and subsequent AT&T leadership responsibilities.

LimitsThis documents telecommunications innovation and technical leadership. It is not a claim that she invented all VoIP technology, that every worker gained access, or that today’s Bell Labs and AT&T share one employment history.

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bdpa.org BDPA · About Us
What this record supports

Where to lookOur History; What Does BDPA Offer? → High School Programs

Source typeProgram provider history

What this source supportsThe 1986 program, Bemley’s role and BDPA’s own account of educational reach.

LimitsThat is the organization's reported educational reach, not independently verified job-placement or promotion data.

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blog.google Google · Tech Exchange brings Black and Latinx students to Google
What this record supports

Where to lookSeptember 18, 2018; paragraph beginning 'The institutions sending students to Google this year'

Source typeProgram provider outcome report

What this source supportsGoogle’s September 2018 report of 26 pilot participants and internships across Google and other employers.

LimitsThis is Google's report of one cohort. Internships are not permanent jobs, and participation is not evidence of a connection to an individual reader.

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www.uspto.gov USPTO · Positively connected
What this record supports

Where to lookLauren Emanuel interview; question “What are you working on now?” and Croak’s next two answers

Source typeFirst-person interview

What this source supportsHer reliability responsibilities and Black leadership role at the interview date.

LimitsThis 2020 account is not her current job status, proof of equal access or evidence of the reader’s hiring route.

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www.uspto.gov USPTO · Marian Croak program announcement
What this record supports

Where to lookAugust 17, 2023 release; paragraph identifying the linked 2020 Journeys of Innovation profile

Source typeFederal announcement

What this source supportsDates the interview to 2020; it is not a new 2023 appointment record.

LimitsThis 2020 account is not her current job status, proof of equal access or evidence of the reader’s hiring route.

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